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Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era. In northern and central Europe, reformers Zoroastrianism is an ancient Persian religion that may have originated as early as 4, years ago.

Zoroastrianism was the state religion of three Persian dynasties, until the Followers of Judaism believe in one God who revealed himself through ancient prophets. The history of Judaism is essential to understanding the Jewish faith, which has a rich heritage of law, Witches were perceived as evil beings by early Christians in Europe, inspiring the iconic Halloween figure. Images of witches have appeared in various forms throughout history—from evil, wart-nosed women huddling over a cauldron of boiling liquid to hag-faced, cackling beings Live TV.

This Day In History. History Vault. The Devil in Other Religions Most other religions and cultures teach of an evil being who roams the earth wreaking havoc and fighting against the forces of good. The Devil and Hell Perhaps the most lasting images of the Devil are associated with Hell, which the Bible refers to as a place of everlasting fire prepared for the Devil and his angels.

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Purchase instant access PDF download and unlimited online access :. Depictions of the devil during the Medieval period were commonly dragon-like, Montesano said. For example, an early pope known as Saint Sylvester reportedly slayed a devilish dragon , impressing a group of pagan priests and confirming the Christian faith of the Roman emperor Constantine.

Related: Devil's Night: The history of pre-halloween pranks. However, while mythical creatures were often associated with the devil during the medieval period, so too were real animals. According to the British Library , many medieval portrayals of the devil have animalistic features, including the iconic cloven hooves, tails, talons and even webbed hands. Illustrations from a 14th-century French manuscript called the Smithfield Decretals show the devil with animal body parts, and depict him as a humongous beast.

The 14th-century poem "Inferno," written by Dante Alighieri as part of his "Divine Comedy," recounts a fictional journey through the seven circles that make up hell before the protagonist comes face to face with Satan himself. Dante describes Satan with "two mighty wings, such as befitting were so great a bird; sails of the sea I never saw so large. No feathers had they, but as of a bat. According to Montesano, Satan's wings may originate in Babylonian mythology, due to the devil's association with the figure of Lilith.

Dante also introduces elements from Greco-Roman mythology into his traditional Christian lore. He refers to the devil as "Dis," which comes from Dis Pater, the Roman god of the underworld.

In "Inferno" Dante writes: "Hence in the smallest circle, where the point is Of the Universe, upon which Dis is seated, Whoe'er betrays for ever is consumed. A clear early link between Satan and goats is found in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo mosaic, constructed in the late 6th century in Italy. In the mosaic, the blue angel to Jesus ' left stands behind three goats, while the angel to Jesus' right is joined by three sheep.

The artwork represents a parable in Matthew "When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, he will sit on his glorious throne.

All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. Some art historians, like Alastair Sooke of the BBC , claim that this is where the devil and his minions got their horns. Related: No sympathy for the devil: Why people fear Satanism.

Other experts disagree. Others say it might derive from the pagan god Pan, while British historian Ronald Hutton thinks it has more to do with neo-pagan revival of modern — not Medieval — times.



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